This relatively inefficiency has certainly not hurt Waste Management, though, judging by the other aspects of its financial performance. Analysis of External Environment

While nationwide there are 15,000 firms in the waste services industry, in any given market Waste Management will have only a small handful of competitors. Most of these are relatively small, being either local or regional players. Republic is one of the only competitors with a size and scale anywhere approaching that of Waste Management. Competition in any given market can vary in intensity, but competition for high stakes bids -- such as civic or large institutional bids -- can be intense. Bids are almost always based on price, highlighting the need for cost control in this industry.

The customers are waste services range from municipalities to institutions to manufacturing firms with special disposal needs that municipal services cannot meet. Remediation services also have a wide range of clients, looking for waste management solutions that cannot be handled by conventional means (removal of asbestos, oil spills, etc.). Many customers typically have high buying power as they represent large components of an area's business. Only recently have firms like Waste Management been able to counter that buying power.

The suppliers to the industry are the equipment suppliers. For trucks, dumpsters and other basic equipment, the suppliers are large industrial concerns that can dictate prices and terms to most industry players (the top firms excepted). For remediation services, however, technology is more specialized, which means that there are few suppliers and they can command a premium for their products (Hoover's, 2009).

The strategic allies of this industry are the governments in the regions in which the company operates and any potential landfill operators as well. Governments have a specific need to provide waste management services to their communities, in order to maintain the cleanliness of those communities. The governments may be responsible to waste collection contracts, but also are valuable partners in working towards broader waste management solutions and may have influence over landfill operators as well. For firms involved in waste collection, the landfill operator is a vital strategic partner. The waste collection companies work with landfill operators every day in order to move the waste from its home site to a storage location.

The main body of regulation affected the waste management industry are environmental laws. These laws dictate the degree of care that is required for the disposal of a wide range of goods. This includes case law, which sets the bounds of liability in anti-dumping cases (Koncept Analytics, 2009). Waste management firms use these laws and potential liability to help drive their own business, but they must also work within the confines of those laws in order to ward off legal difficulties themselves. Environmental laws can also impact how much waste is produced, impacting the upside growth of the waste services industry.

Sources of Funding

Waste Management's primary source of funding is through debt. There are three main reasons for this. The first is that the company has a strong position with respect to liquidity -- they have better liquidity ratios than those of their competitors. The second is that they are not in a strong position to issue more equity. Without growth to fuel interest in an equity offering, Waste Management would simply dilute the value of its stock by issuing more equity. Lastly,...

An equity issue could jeopardize that, which minor debt issues can easily be absorbed.
For Republic Services, the Allied acquisition was paid for with equity. Republic offered 0.45 shares in Republic for every share in Allied Waste. This was made possible by Republic's strong growth, in addition to the strategic synergies between the two companies. The use of equity was necessary for this merger for two reasons. The first is that the amount of debt that Republic would have needed to absorb Allied would have crippled the company. The second is that the use of equity is commonplace for such mergers. With the strategic synergies between the two firms, it is expected that most shareholders in Allied would wish to remain shareholders in the new company. Allied management had, for example, wished to re-enter key Sunbelt markets, and a merger with Republic allowed for this.

One of the outcomes for Republic of this merger is that Republic's balance sheet has apparently improved. While the company's balance sheet may still be below the industry average in some respects, it better than it was before Allied was absorbed.

With this balance sheet improvement, future growth can now be funded through debt or equity. The firm at this point would probably like to bring its debt levels down further before biting off another huge competitor. It has the ability to take on more debt, and because of its growth is a riskier company than Waste Management.

When the Allied deal closed, the stock price was expected by many industry observers to improve from its $25 level at the time to the $28 level where it sits today. The stock is expected to appreciate even further as post-merger cost savings begin to accrue. The result of a rising stock price is the ability of Republic to use equity again for large mergers. To the extent that such mergers enhance shareholder value, as the one with Allied has, shareholders are willing to accept some degree of merger risk.

Overall, Waste Management is the stable industry leader, with exceptional operations that far exceed the performance of its peers. Republic is responding to the maturation of its industry by embarking on a course of consolidation, building market share through acquisition, using its strong equity to make the deals.

Works Cited:

No author. (2009). Waste management: Industry overview. Hoover's. Retrieved November 23, 2009 from http://www.hoovers.com/waste-management/--ID__99 -- /free-ind-fr-profile-basic.xhtml

Waste Management Financial Statements from MSN Moneycentral. (2009). Retrieved November 23, 2009 from http://moneycentral.msn.com/investor/invsub/results/statemnt.aspx?Symbol=WM

Republic Services financial statements from MSN Moneycentral. (2009). Retrieved November 23, 2009 from http://moneycentral.msn.com/investor/invsub/results/statemnt.aspx?Symbol=RSG

No author. (2009). U.S. waste management industry: An analysis. Koncept Analytics. Retrieved November 23, 2009 from http://www.marketresearch.com/product/display.asp?productid=2285859

Waste Management 2008 Annual Report. Retrieved November 23, 2009 from http://www.behance.net/Gallery/Waste-Management-2008-Annual-Report/89767

No author. (2008). Republic services and Allied Waste complete merger. Business Wire. Retrieved November 23, 2009 from http://www.environmental-expert.com/resulteachpressrelease.aspx?cid=28518&codi=41050

Fickes, M. (2009).…